Friday, November 29, 2019

The story is set in a hospital Essay Example For Students

The story is set in a hospital Essay The story is set in a hospital of a steamer where two discharged soldiers are returning to Russia after serving for many years in Far East with another two soldiers and a sailor. Gusev, the main character of the story is a courteous man who used to work under a naval officer. He is satisfied about his job and now dreaming to join his family soon. His delirious dreams are filled with images of his familys farm. He is apprehensive that if he does not make it home, the farm will fail and his parents will be thrown into the streets. We will write a custom essay on The story is set in a hospital specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The second main character is Pavel Ivanitch, who is educated but choleric and maverick. He considers himself a radical, a truth-teller, and a member of the revolutionary intelligentsia. He mocks Gusevs optimistic geniality. He further accuses Gusev is blind to realize the oppression he has suffered. Pavel Ivanitch denounces injustice wherever he sees it and has a reputation for being a troublemaker. Even as his illness advances, Pavel Ivanitch protests. And he refuses to believe that he can die like the others; indeed, he insists that he is recovering. While they keep spending time arguing with each other he dies before he makes it home. After a few days Gusev grows worse too. Meanwhile he starts tormenting by a vague craving, and he could not figure out what he exactly wanted. Shortly afterward, he also dies and his body is sewn up in sailcloth with two iron weights and thrown into sea. The story closes with a description of his body sinking through a school of fish while a brilliant sunset shines above. (C, Jack) Theme Although Russia was never colonized the author, Chekov brings up two ordinary characters that are suffering under the tyranny which was ruling the country that time. Gusev and Pavel Ivanitch clearly demonstrate human suffering and injustice that citizens were undergoing. Especially Gusev represents peasants who were on the edge of the society suffering from many distresses and Pavel Ivanitch represents the educated and suppressed middle class. He is a symbol of people who were seeking to stand against so called tyranny and hypocrisy. Using these two ideal characters the author makes people to think of a social reformation which he had been influenced by third world countries he had visited. The writer denounces and criticizes suffering and injustice mercilessly through Pavel Ivanitch. To tear a man out of his home, drag him twelve thousand miles away, then to drive him into consumption and. . . and what is it all for, one wonders? To turn him into a servant for some Captain Kopeikin or midshipman Dirka! How logical! Ivanitch declares his anger to Gusev at the practice of the military of uprooting men from their families to serve some perhaps undeserving officer, trample them and make them ill, by dumping them on hot, crowded ships in the knowledge that they will probably not survive the journey home. But the uneducated and simple-minded peasant Gusev was submissive and barely notices injustice. He humbly accepts his destiny, and his attitude is very authoritarian. Once telling that he was beaten by his master, arouses Pavel Ivanitchs indignant anger, Gusev feels that he deserved the punishment, as he was behaving violently towards few china men improperly. Indeed, Chekh ov seems to be raising the question of whether the peasant class should be completely free, or whether they need strong leadership. In addition Chekhov invites people to be generous rather than being concerned about themselves and their families. Gusev worries only about what will happen to his family when he is dead, about his brothers drinking and violence towards his wife, and about the possibility that his old parents will be alienated. While Pavel Ivanitch is obsessed social injustice Gusev worries about his family and business. Gusevs daydreams about his homeland and family reveals his narrow intentions whereas Pavel Ivanitch peers into every social and political abuse he can find, Gusevs concerns are more material and immediate. This contrast between Pavel Ivanitchs concern for humanity as a whole, and Gusevs more limited concern which only extends to his own family and village lead readers for Chekhovs hidden intention. Implicit in this contrast is an acknowledgement of the difficulty of achieving social and political reform in a society in which nearly eighty percent of the population was uneducated peas ants like Gusev. These peasants were apprehensive about the welfare and survival of their families, and were unlikely to have the leisure to devote their lives to ending injustice, even assuming that they understood the issues. Apparently there is an incomparable difference between Pavel Ivanitchs and Gusevs attitudes to suffering, which mirrors the gulf in nineteenth century Russian society between the intelligentsia and the peasants. Ivanitch does not make much attempt to persuade Gusev and he does not listen too much of what Pavel Ivanitch says too. When Gusev does listen, he misunderstands. Pavel Ivanitchs impassioned diatribes are shown as useless, not only because Gusev is an unsuitable audience, but because shortly after Pavel Ivanitchs final assault, on military officers who steal, he dies. This juxtaposition of events suggests the futility of the angry activism exemplified by Pavel Ivanitch. The steamer that carries the men cares for nothing, and the sea on which they travel has no sense, no pity. This gives an insight about human suffering and death are transmuted into the joy of life that the system of nature. Both Ivanitchs bitter rants and Gusevs humble concerns are rendered insignificant by the fact that they die soon after expressing them and by the implied contrast with the vastness and majesty of the natural world into which their dead bodies are thrown. When Gusevs body is thrown into the ocean and a shark begins to investigate it, the pilot-fish are delighted by the unfolding drama. The story ends with a glorious display of the sunset, with clouds massing like a triumphal arch. Nature is shown as possessing positive human characteristics that are absent from the grim and debased human life portrayed in Gusev: joy, delight, and celebration. .u90d95830b34a8748d05def18725f3a1d , .u90d95830b34a8748d05def18725f3a1d .postImageUrl , .u90d95830b34a8748d05def18725f3a1d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u90d95830b34a8748d05def18725f3a1d , .u90d95830b34a8748d05def18725f3a1d:hover , .u90d95830b34a8748d05def18725f3a1d:visited , .u90d95830b34a8748d05def18725f3a1d:active { border:0!important; } .u90d95830b34a8748d05def18725f3a1d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u90d95830b34a8748d05def18725f3a1d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u90d95830b34a8748d05def18725f3a1d:active , .u90d95830b34a8748d05def18725f3a1d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u90d95830b34a8748d05def18725f3a1d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u90d95830b34a8748d05def18725f3a1d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u90d95830b34a8748d05def18725f3a1d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u90d95830b34a8748d05def18725f3a1d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u90d95830b34a8748d05def18725f3a1d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u90d95830b34a8748d05def18725f3a1d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u90d95830b34a8748d05def18725f3a1d .u90d95830b34a8748d05def18725f3a1d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u90d95830b34a8748d05def18725f3a1d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How To Structure An Inspector Calls EssayCharacter The two characters in Gusev act as foils to each other where Pavel Ivanitch is the protagonist and Gusev is the antagonist of the story. They have contrasting characteristics and respond to life and its sufferings in opposite ways. They also represent the two classes that were involved in the struggle for social justice in nineteenth-century Russia, the peasants and the intelligentsia. Gusev is a discharged soldier from the peasant class. Gusev Gusev is a simple and innocent soldier who has superstitious beliefs about how things work. He seems to be uneducated and further displays submissive and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve characteristics. This man sets out in his long voyage after years of critical work to his masters in far east. He has been serving as an orderly to a military officer but has been sent home to Russia because he is feeble and dying of tuberculosis. He fails to realize how vague his dream is, while the other soldiers and sailors are convinced that he is too weak to survive anymore. Id rather call him a selfish man who only thinks of his parents and family and does not bother about the suppression he was facing even when it seems that life will shortly end. Prosperity has not only earned from the poor innocent people but theyve made their conditions even worse, knowing that they will not survive until they reach their destination their masters set them to Russia just to save their reputations. How revolting? How cruel? To make someone work his whole life just to make a living, outside his own country and at old age to be chasten away, to be thrown away to the ocean when he dies .He fails to realize that all human beings are worth it doesnt matter whether they are poor or rich. Gusev is delirious with fever resulting from tuberculosis, so his mind slips in and out of the present reality in the course of the story. He comforts himself by imagining of snow and the cold in his home town. This shows Gusevs tendency to passively accept injustice and suffering. He preferred thinking about something else rather than confronting problems or protest about them. The method is successful within the limits of Gusevs narrow awareness. Instead of listening to Paul Ivanitchs bitter and contemptuous comments, Gusev daydreams about the folks at home, with the result that His happiness takes his breath away. He has no interest in the wider considerations of social injustice that captivate Paul Ivanitch. During his time as an orderly, Gusev obtusely did his job without thinking about whether it is fair, as Paul Ivanitch rails, to Uproot a man from home, drag him 12,000 miles, give him tuberculosis, and make him the servant of some officer. Gusev is pure apolitical and he does not think about such matters like injustice. When Paul Ivanitch repeatedly tries to alert him to injustice, Gusev completely fails to understand what he is saying. Gusevs world is his bounded only with his family and his village. He worries about his drunken brother who beats his wife, and does not respect his parents. He worries about his brothers daughter, Akulka, sticking her legs out on the family sledge and getting frostbitten. He also worries about what will happen to the family after his death: he fears that the home will go to rack and ruin and that his parents will be thrown into street. Gusevs narrow range of interests draws attention to the wider problem of how social injustice could continue persistent in Russia at a time when the majority of the population was people like Gusev: simple, uneducated, passive, and unintelligent. Gusev is capable of making a sound against injustice but it takes the form of brutal violence. He describes an occasion when he beat up some Chinese men merely for coming into his yard. He does not know why he hit them. The same impulse occurs when he looks through the porthole of the ship and sees a fat Chinese man in a boat. Gusev thinks, for no good reason, that greasy one needs a good clout on the neck. Paul Ivanitch doesnt accept Gusevs passive acceptance of punishment from the officer for beating up the Chinese men, but it is tempting to conclude not only that Gusev needs to be governed by an authority figure, but also that he deserved his punishment. This persistent idea of him exists throughout the story till he dies making him a consistent character. Pavel Ivanitch Pavel Ivanitch is also a discharged soldier who has served for three years in the Far East and has been discharged because he is dying of tuberculosis. He feels superior to the other men in the ship infirmary, whom he rejects as a blind, benighted, down-trodden lot. He is an intellectual who is confident that he sees the truth of humanitys lot: I see everything as an eagle or hawk sees it, soaring above the earth. He is conceited of his quality of just and upright. Moreover he sees injustice everywhere and never hesitates to declare his intense and quick temper regardless of the situation. He regularly persuades placid Gusev to feel a sense of unfairness about the class system and the way he is treated by his superiors. Pavel treats Gusev with utter contempt because he is annoyed by the calm nature of Gusev and lack of comprehension of what he is saying but he does not stop convincing Gusev that he too should denounce social iniquitous. However his idea of meeting of a literary frien d displays proficiency of his ideas. .u699e0e5b4029f6fb3762165ce36fc5d8 , .u699e0e5b4029f6fb3762165ce36fc5d8 .postImageUrl , .u699e0e5b4029f6fb3762165ce36fc5d8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u699e0e5b4029f6fb3762165ce36fc5d8 , .u699e0e5b4029f6fb3762165ce36fc5d8:hover , .u699e0e5b4029f6fb3762165ce36fc5d8:visited , .u699e0e5b4029f6fb3762165ce36fc5d8:active { border:0!important; } .u699e0e5b4029f6fb3762165ce36fc5d8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u699e0e5b4029f6fb3762165ce36fc5d8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u699e0e5b4029f6fb3762165ce36fc5d8:active , .u699e0e5b4029f6fb3762165ce36fc5d8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u699e0e5b4029f6fb3762165ce36fc5d8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u699e0e5b4029f6fb3762165ce36fc5d8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u699e0e5b4029f6fb3762165ce36fc5d8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u699e0e5b4029f6fb3762165ce36fc5d8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u699e0e5b4029f6fb3762165ce36fc5d8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u699e0e5b4029f6fb3762165ce36fc5d8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u699e0e5b4029f6fb3762165ce36fc5d8 .u699e0e5b4029f6fb3762165ce36fc5d8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u699e0e5b4029f6fb3762165ce36fc5d8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Summary of Act 1 EssayIt is typical of Pavel Ivanitch who plans to influence people of his ideas through literature. Nevertheless the material he has to offer is not constructive for reform but tirades against the verminous bipeds he has encountered during his service in the Far East. There is insensitivity and lack of humanity, even a cruelty, in Paul Ivanitchs constantly forcing his anger and views onto the simple and complacent Gusev. Indeed, Pavel Ivanitch enjoys in his reputation as an insufferable person, declaring: I am protest incarnate. He says, even if he were imprisoned he would not stop his protest. Ivanitch might see political injustices acutely but when it co mes to his own condition, he is deluded. When his health deteriorates to the point whereby he cant even sit up, he does not ready accept that he is weak. My lungs are all right, this is only a stomach cough. He boasts of his critical attitude to my illness and medicines, in contrast to the ignorance of the other benighted people. However, even if he is unaware of his illness more than others, it is of no use to him, a few hours later he is dead. Style, Tone and Irony Like in his plays, Chekhov has ignored the established tradition of describing the situation, mood, and internal psychological states of characters in the very beginning of the story. Accordingly a very little action takes place in Gusev. Only a few main incidents can be identified throughout the whole story: Gusev and Paul Ivanitchs non-viable conversations; Gusevs daydreams, Paul Ivanitchs diatribes, and both mens decline through sickness into death followed by their burial at sea. A more traditional story would have taken the characters aspirations and made drama out of their fulfillment or frustration. Gusev dreams about his family, and Paul Ivanitch plans to meet a literary friend and telling him of the people he has met abroad. Neither man fulfills these plans, nor does particular emotion surround their on-fulfillment. The plans simply die along with the men. In terms of plot, this is deliberately anti-climactic. However, there is a climax of sorts in Gusev, but it consists in the transcendence of nature in the final sunset scene, and Gusevs joyful somersault into the natural world. On the other hand, the story sounds more criticizing the inactive, simple-minded peasants. Its revolting, the worst of it is they know perfectly well that you cant last out the long journey, and yet they put you here. Supposing you get as far as the Indian Ocean, what then? Its horrible to think of it. . . . And thats their gratitude for your faithful, irreproachable service! this statement of Ivanitch clearly proves this. Therefore we cannot deduce that the story gives a vague message as the incidents happen in the story does not reach to a proper climax. The use of dramatic irony can be seen all over the story. When Gusev is on the deck, he sees bullocks and a pony tethered there. The bullocks remind the bulls head with no eyes, which is already associated in the readers mind with Gusev. Gusev stretches out his hand to stroke the pony and Gusev responds with an angry curse when it bites Gusevs hand. The incident humorously comments on Gusevs own tendency to lash out violently at innocent people. A unique quality I noticed in Chekhovs writings is his fair treatment of his characters. This is shown in his use of a similar juxtaposition of events to comment ironically on Paul Ivanitch. After Paul Ivanitchs long brag about being protest incarnate, Gusev looks out through the porthole and sees some Chinese men in a boat holding up cages of canary birds, which they were reselling, and shouting sing, sing. Just like the canaries sing in their cages, Paul Ivanitch outbursts ineffectually in the ships hospital. In a further irony, Pavel Ivani tchs boasting of is how he would continue to protest even if he were imprisoned in a cellar gives a sense of humor. He is already stuck in a sick-bay but does not stop wasting his breath. His words just vanish into the air giving no use at all, like the superfluous and meaningless as the canaries songs. This implication is convinced by both mens deaths shortly afterwards. Symbolism It was getting dark; it would soon be night. The very first line of the story suggests the deaths of Gusev and Ivanitch, convincing Chekhovs use of symbols. He uses subtle symbolism in order to give insights of his characters. The image of the eyeless bulls head that frequently enters Gusevs reverie symbolizes Gusevs somewhat primitive nature, and its eye-lessness suggests his lack of vision and understanding of the world around him. In addition the black smoke and clouds that drift into his consciousness is similarly suggestive of a fogginess of vision. The fact that the horse and sledge that plays such an important part in Gusevs reveries no longer move ahead when enveloped in the black smoke suggests the stagnation of the peasantry. Chekhovs skill in using symbolism is evident in the fact that both bulls heads and black smoke would be familiar sights in Gusevs village (real black smoke comes from a pottery chimney near his family home). Therefore the images have a naturalistic ton e as well as symbolic value. Sometimes, the association of seemingly unrelated events is used symbolically to comment on the characters. While they were sailing a big fish came into collision with their ship and stove a hole in it. Apparently this statement of Gusev does not make any sense but when its deeply analyzed the writer has compared Gusev life which is sinking because of the devastation done by his masters.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Battle of Nassau in the American Revolution

Battle of Nassau in the American Revolution The Battle of Nassau was fought March 3-4, 1776, during the American Revolution (1775-1783). In 1776, an American squadron commanded by Commodore Esek Hopkins descended on the Bahamas with the goal of capturing weapons and ammunition for the Continental Army. The first major operation for the newly-created Continental Navy and Continental Marines, the expedition arrived off Nassau in early March. Landing, American forces succeeded in capturing the island and a large cache of weapons, but some hesitation after coming ashore allowed the British to spirit away much of the islands gunpowder. Though the operation proved successful, Hopkins was later criticized for failing to achieve other assigned objectives and his performance during the return voyage. Background With the beginning of the American Revolution in April 1775, the Governor of Virginia, Lord Dunmore, directed that the colonys supply of arms and gunpowder be removed to Nassau, Bahamas lest it be captured by colonial forces. Received by Governor Montfort Browne, these munitions were stored in Nassau under the protection of the harbors defenses, Forts Montagu and Nassau. Despite these fortifications, General Thomas Gage, commanding British forces in Boston, warned Browne that an American attack would be possible. In October 1775, the Second Continental Congress formed the Continental Navy and began purchasing merchant vessels and converting them for use as warships. The following month saw the creation of the Continental Marines under the guidance of Captain Samuel Nicholas. As Nicholas recruited men ashore, Commodore Esek Hopkins began assembling a squadron at Philadelphia. This consisted of Alfred (30 guns), Columbus (28), Andrew Doria (14), Cabot (14), Providence (12), and Fly (6). Hopkins Sails After taking command in December, Hopkins received orders from Congress Marine Committee which directed him to clear British naval forces from the Chesapeake Bay and North Carolina coast. In addition, they gave him some latitude to pursue operations that could be â€Å"most beneficial to the American Cause† and â€Å"distress the Enemy by all means in your power.† Joining Hopkins aboard his flagship, Alfred, Nicholas and the rest of the squadron began moving down the Delaware River on January 4, 1776. Battling heavy ice, the American ships remained near Reedy Island for six weeks before finally reaching Cape Henlopen on February 14. There, Hopkins was joined by Hornet (10) and Wasp (14) which arrived from Baltimore. Before sailing, Hopkins elected to take advantage of the discretionary aspects of his orders and began planning a strike against Nassau. He was aware that a large amount of munitions were on the island and that these supplies were badly needed by General George Washingtons army which was besieging Boston. Commodore Esek Hopkins. Public Domain   Departing Cape Henlopen on February 17, Hopkins told his captains to rendezvous at Great Abaco Island in the Bahamas should the squadron become separated. Two days later, the squadron encountered rough seas off the Virginia Capes leading to a collision between Hornet and Fly. Though both returned to port for repairs, the latter succeeded in rejoining Hopkins on March 11. In late February, Browne received intelligence that an American force was forming off the Delaware coast. Though aware of a possible attack, he elected not to take any action as he believed the harbor forts sufficient to defend Nassau. This proved unwise as Fort Nassaus walls were too weak to support the firing of its guns. While Fort Nassau was located near the town proper, the newer Fort Montagu covered the harbors eastern approaches and mounted seventeen guns. Both forts were poorly sited in regard to defending against an amphibious attack. Battle of Nassau Conflict: American Revolution (1775-1783)Dates: March 3-4, 1776Fleets Commanders:AmericansCommodore Esek HopkinsCaptain Samuel Nicholas2 frigates, 2 brigs, 1 schooner, 1 sloopBritishGovernor Montfort Browne110 men The Americans Land Reaching Hole-In-The-Wall at the south end of Great Abaco Island on March 1, 1776, Hopkins quickly captured two small British sloops. Pressing these into service, the squadron moved against Nassau the following day. For the attack, Nicholas 200 Marines along with 50 sailors were transferred to Providence and the two captured sloops. Hopkins intended for the three vessels to enter the port at dawn on March 3. The troops would then quickly land and secure the town. Approaching the harbor in the morning light, Providence and its consorts were spotted by the defenders who opened fire. With the element of surprise lost, the three vessels aborted the attack and rejoined Hopkins squadron at nearby Hanover Sound. Ashore, Browne began making plans to remove much of the islands gunpowder using vessels in the harbor as well as dispatched thirty men to reinforce Fort Montagu. Meeting, Hopkins and Nicholas quickly developed a new plan which called for landings on the eastern side of the island. Covered by Wasp, the landings commenced around noon as Nicholas men came ashore near Fort Montagu. As Nicholas consolidated his men, a British lieutenant from Fort Montagu approached under a flag of truce. When asked of his intentions, the American commander replied that they sought to capture the islands munitions. This information was conveyed to Browne who had arrived at the fort with reinforcements. Badly outnumbered, the governor decided to withdraw the bulk of the forts garrison back to Nassau. Pressing forward, Nicholas captured the fort later in the day, but elected not to drive on the town. Capture of Nassau As Nicholas held his position at Fort Montagu, Hopkins issued a proclamation to the islands residents stating, To the Gentlemen, Freemen, Inhabitants of the Island of New Providence: The reasons of my landing an armed force on the island is in order to take possession of the powder and warlike stores belonging to the Crown, and if I am not opposed in putting my design in execution the persons and property of the inhabitants shall be safe, neither shall they be suffered to be hurt in case they make no resistance.† While this had the desired effect of preventing civilian interference with his operations, the failure to carry the town on March 3 allowed Browne to embark most of the islands gunpowder on two vessels. These sailed for St. Augustine around 2:00 a.m. on March 4 and cleared the harbor with no issues as Hopkins had failed to post any of his ships at its mouth.The next morning, Nicholas advanced on Nassau and was met by the towns leaders who offered up its keys. Approaching Fort Nassau, the Americans occupied it and seized Browne without a fight. In securing the town, Hopkins captured eighty-eight cannon and fifteen mortars as well as variety of other much-needed supplies. Remaining on the island for two weeks, the Americans embarked the spoils before departing on March 17. Sailing north, Hopkins intended to make port at Newport, RI. Nearing Block Island, the squadron captured the schooner Hawk on April 4 and the brig Bolton the next day. From the prisoners, Hopkins learned that a large British force was operating off Newport. With this news, he elected to sail west with the goal of reaching New London, CT. Action of April 6 During the early hours of April, Captain Tyringham Howe of HMS Glasgow (20) spotted the American squadron. Determining from their rigging that the ships were merchantmen, he closed with the goal of taking several prizes. Approaching Cabot, Glasgow quickly came under fire. The next several hours saw Hopkins inexperienced captains and crews fail to defeat the outnumbered and out-gunned British ship. Before Glasgow escaped, Howe succeeded in disabling both Alfred and Cabot. Making the necessary repairs, Hopkins and his ships limped into New London two days later. Aftermath The fighting on April 6 saw the Americans suffer 10 killed and 13 wounded against 1 dead and three wounded aboard Glasgow. As news of the expedition spread, Hopkins and his men were initially celebrated and lauded for their efforts. This proved short-lived as complaints about the failure to capture Glasgow and the behavior of some of the squadrons captains grew. Hopkins also came under fire for failing to execute his orders to sweep the Virginia and North Carolina coasts as well as his division of the raids spoils. Commodore John Paul Jones. Hulton Archive / Stringer/ Hulton Archive/ Getty Images After a series of political machinations, Hopkins was relieved of his command in early 1778. Despite the fallout, the raid provided much-needed supplies for the Continental Army as well as gave young officers, such as John Paul Jones, experience. Held prisoner, Browne was later exchanged for Brigadier General William Alexander, Lord Stirling who had been captured by the British at the Battle of Long Island. Though criticized for his handling of attack on Nassau, Browne later formed the Loyalist Prince of Wales American Regiment and saw service at the Battle of Rhode Island.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

The Global Car Industry Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Global Car Industry Case Study - Essay Example In developing countries, governments are seen to strongly favor the development of the car industry as it generates revenue through taxes and employment. China and India's political sectors are seen to expand their infrastructure in order to support industrialization and the higher demand for durables such as cars. However, in industrialized economies with population having larger purchasing powers, governments are more concerned with the pressing issues of sustainable development and environmental preservation. Economic: The difference in the economic situation of various nations will be having different effects on the markets of the global car industry. The United States is forecasted to outpace the Euro Zone in terms of economic growth while the whole Asia Pacific will be experiencing robust growth except for Japan. In general, it should be noted that "growth and wage levels are expected to be slower in the real terms in the immediate future." This, in turn, can lead to low consumer confidence which is expected to suppress demand for new cars while encouraging the retention of old ones or turning to the second hand market. This bleak outlook is even coupled with the fact that most countries are employing tighter policy measures which squeezes the consumers' disposable income through higher taxation schemes. Social: One of the social factors which have a high impact in c...However, this level of nationalism is expected to be eroded by the subsequent increase in education, travel, and integration. Technological: Technological developments have greatly contributed to the improvements in process, design, and efficiency of car manufacturers. It is expected that technological innovations in the global auto industry will focus on reducing the environmental hazards and pollution caused by emissions. Fuel cell technology will also become the most important issue for car manufacturers. The widespread use and popularity of using robots in production will also affect the labor preference of auto makers.Environmental: Environmental issues are increasingly becoming important in the decisions and operations of car manufacturers worldwide. It is expected that environmental concerns will force automakers to concentrate their efforts in producing cars with less emissions. Legal: Currently, there are no legal issues and concerns faced by the global car industry. However, it can also be expected that automakers will be faced with the issues of sovereignty in light of the increasing globalization. 5-Forces Model of Competition Barriers to Entry/Exit: Moderate The barriers to entry in the global car industry are high due to high costs of initial investment, required aggressive marketing strategy to combat incumbents, and required high costs of research and development. However, this is balanced by the encouragement of the foreign direct investments in major markets like China and India through fiscal incentives. In Russia, the barrier to entry is quite high because of the policies put in place by the state.        

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Why was Fluxus called Fluxus Look at least three Fluxus pieces Essay

Why was Fluxus called Fluxus Look at least three Fluxus pieces - Essay Example Perloff (2002) quotes Higgins, Fluxus...was not a movement; it has not stated consistent programme or manifesto which the work must match, and it did not propose to move art or our awareness of art from point A to point B. The very name, Fluxus, suggests change, being in a state of flux. The idea was that it would always reflect the most exciting avant-garde tendencies of a given time or moment—the Fluxattitude. It is perhaps easier to describe the movement as what it was not rather than what it was. Perloff (2002) writes, â€Å"Fluxus was not, as is usually thought, an inconoclastic avant-garde movement but a way of life, a ‘fertile field for multiple intelligence interactions’ (H. Higgins 193) that has strong pedagogical potential†. Repice (no date) in his paper on the subject views the definition from another angle â€Å"...as a series of organized activities and ‘as a way of doing thing’ that nonetheless coalesced around key people, places, and events. When I speak of Fluxus, I defer the question of whether it was a â€Å"movement† or not and attempt to think of it as a tradition or sensibility embodied by certain people at certain times†. The origins of Fluxus lie in the many concepts explored by avant-garde composer John Cage as reflected in his dissonant experimental music of the 1950s. As described rather esoterically in The Fluxus blog (2010), Cage popularized a form incorporating â€Å"... acrostic poem in which the ‘hidden’ or included word, phrase, or name is seen vertically in a central spine instead of at the beginning or end...† While the concept may be familiar to those who study music, Cage’s importance to the Fluxus movement may be more easily understood when explained through his now famous original experimental piano composition piece, 4’ 33† (1952), in which the pianist sits at the piano but does not play for exactly four minutes and

Monday, November 18, 2019

A Reaction To The Making Of The Hurricane Assignment

A Reaction To The Making Of The Hurricane - Assignment Example The paper gives detailed information about the movie "The Making of the Hurricane". This movie proves that there exist injustices in the world, including the criminal systems, which are supposed to be just. Close to the end of this bonus documentary, the producer admits that the movie attempts to unravel the injustices in the world. This is through its based on the life of Rubin Carter, a fighter with promise, who was incarcerated for something he did not do. The producer argues that injustices are existent in society, and these include racism, political injustices, among many other forms. Carter himself adds that the movie is based on redemption, specifically his redemption. He also notes that the movie is meant to inspire people in overcoming adversity in life. All these roots from the injustices that Carter had to undergo in his life. According to Carter, his rescue from the hands of injustice was a complete miracle. Similarly, another actress in the movie notes that injustices in society have persisted in various spheres, but the human spirit is strong enough to endure them. She considered Carter strong-hearted, because he underwent all that, and still manages to smile. From this documentary, I have learned new things about the whole issue surrounding Rubin Carter and generally, his life. Although the past events in Rubin’s life are quite known by different people, this documentary has revealed to me some surprising facts. First, I am surprised that in the process of shooting the movie, the crew kept in close contact with Rubin Carter.

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Why Did the Central Powers Lose WW1?

Why Did the Central Powers Lose WW1? On November 11th 1918 Germany signed and armistice to finally end the four year conflict of World War One. At the end of 1917 Germany was in a good position. Although the United States had entered the war, that had yet to have any impact on the western front. Russia, having just gone through a communist revolution, had lost the war and was willing to make peace at any price. By 1918 Germany had begun to break through allied lines and even came within striking distance of Paris but by the end of November in the same year Germany was looking for a stop to the fighting. Why was this? A few reasons could be the that the Schlieffen Plan had failed resulting in Germany fighting a war on two fronts for most of the war, the British naval blockade on Germany and the entry of the United States into the fray. The Schlieffen Plan was Germanys main offensive strategy during the outbreak of World War 1. The plan involved utilizing 91% of Germanys armed forces (also known as Kaiserreichsheer) to attack France. Fearing that the French forts on the border would slow down a German advance, Chief of Staff Alfred von Schlieffen suggested an attack through Belgium into the northern part of France for a quicker invasion. The rest of the German Army would then be set up in a defensive position on the eastern front in order to stop an improbable Russian advance. There are quite a few reasons why the Schlieffen Plan had failed though. Firstly, the Germans had underestimated the capabilities of the Belgian Army. While the Belgians had only 43,000 men, they had put up a strong fight that was even unanticipated by the Germans. Some tactics even flooding their own land or destroying their own infrastructure in order to slow down the German advance Secondly, the lack of communications between the German arm ies along with a failure to resupply efficiently weakened the troops. . This helped the Allies by giving the British more time to reinforce the French lines and when Germany finally had broken through Belgium into France, they were intercepted at the River Marne in France by the allied troops. Attempts to reinforce the German united battling the Allies also left a gap between them and the German 2nd force, allowing Allies to move up and split apart the two German forces. Fritz Fischer reffered to the Schlieffen Plan as a brash stroke so common to bombastic Wilhelmine Imperial Germany. (Fischer, 1979) But not all historians agreed on that the Schieffen plan was a complete failure. An American officer in the Army, creator of combat modeling software and military theorist Trevor N. Dupuy argued that the Schlieffen Plan was secret the of institutionalizing military excellence. (Dupuy, 1970) The United States joined the First World War on the 6th of April 1917; three years after the war had begun. This was due to the then American political view that being an isolationist country was the best way that American would grow and as a result took the view that the European conflict did not require any American intervention. In 1915 German U-boats were ordered to attack any ship that was headed towards Britain due to suspicions of ammunition being smuggled through passenger liners and Q-ships, these were merchant ships that had disguised heavy guns. The Q-ships were also one of the reasons that German submarines stopped warning the target that they were about to attack. This was brought to the attention of the American people when the Lusitania was torpedoed and sunk by U-20 on the 7th of May 1915. The Zimmerman note was probably one of the more direct reasons that the Americans decided to join the war. The content of this note is that if Mexico attacked America for the land t hey had claimed before, then Germany would support them with arms and supplies. This was a very big threat to America and as a result they thought it would be in their best interests to join the war. By 1917, both sides of the conflict were exhausted and demoralized. The United States were able to support the Allied front with a million fresh soldiers, this greatly improved Allied morale and demoralize the Germans and her allies further. In addition to this, more supplies were also being brought in by the United States and helped relive some of the burdens born by the allies. The British Blockade was one of the key factors in the defeat of Germany and her allies. Drafted by Winston Churchill, the then Secretary of the Royal Navy, it was intended to take Germany out by starving her out of the war. When the blockade was put into effect towards the end of 1914, Germanys imports had fallen by 55% of pre-war import levels. One of the more prominent imports that were cut off were nitrates, these were used to create explosives and fertilizer. The resulting shortage of the latter led to extreme shortages in foods and by 1916 many civilians were consuming ersatz products such as war bread (also known as Kriegsbrot) and powdered milk. These food shortages also caused riots and social unrest, not only in Germany but also for most of the Central powers as well in places like Vienna or Budapest. While the German government did make attempts to counter the effects of the British Blockade, they only limited success. The Hindenburg Programme is one such example. It was d esigned to increase productivity and provide cheap mass meals to the population but that average daily diet of 1,000 calories provided was not enough to maintain a good standard of health even for babies. This resulted in many malnutrition related disorders such as scurvy, dysentery and tuberculosis and by 1918 and estimated 434,000 people were dead due to malnutrition. In March, 1918 the Central Powers were sure to win the war. They had already beaten Russia and France and Britain were getting weak, they were losing the will to fight. For the first time German units were larger than the British and French combined. However eight months later, the Central Powers lost due to a failure in tactics, a new enemy entering towards the end of the war and being starved into submission by their enemies. The assumption of this topic is that when the Central Powers had lost World War 1 that the war had in fact ended. It could be said that World War 1 never ended. It may have taken a break but it had never truly ended until 1945, the year that signified the end of World War 2. Complications from the end of World War 1 would prove to be the advent of World War 2. World War One ended when Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles. This proved to be a humiliating defeat for the Germans. The size of Germany had been drastically reduced while those of France and Italy (a former German ally) grew. Germany was also forced to admit that they were to blame for the war and was made to compensate for damages. The military was also reduced to a minimal size but there were soldiers who would not stop fighting. They would eventually join and establishment of mercenaries called the Freikorps. The German commanders and generals also never had to admit to defeat. They merely told that if the German Peopl e had not been stabbed in the back (most likely referring to the newly formed Weimar Republic for accepting the terms) This theory became hugely popular with the German population that did not want to admit to defeat and generals that had signed the treaty were referred to as November Criminals. Adolph Hitler was obsessed with this idea and blamed the Marxists and Jews for this major blow to the people. Germany was seething with revenge and hate, just waiting for the right moment to strike back. In their minds, they were waiting for a chance to resume this conflict and get the justice that they deserved. Finishing in Leather: Strategies and Concepts Finishing in Leather: Strategies and Concepts Hassan Aly Hassan Introduction The word â€Å"finish† as a verb means bringing the task to an end or in another meaning is by completing the manufacture or decoration of (an article) by giving it an attractive surface appearance. (Dictionary). The same applies for leather when it reaches the final stage. The leather is now set to be modified and upgraded to give it more characteristics that meet with customer expectation. That’s why tanneries all around the world are putting more effort on the final stage in order to enhance and sell their leather. After tannage, all classes of leather, whether vegetable or chrome tanned have to be finished to make them suitable to the purpose for which they will be ultimately used. With the exception of sole leather, finishing may broadly be said to consist of (i) dyeing or colouring, (ii) treating the leather with grease for softening and water-proofing (technically called currying) and (iii) polishing or glazing. But the finish imparted to leather is peculiar to it, so that no two varieties are finished the same way Coming up with a finishing recipe high relays of different factors highly depending on what the customer wants. Giving an example when trying to achieve a shoe upper finish it differs from an upholstery finish. When finishing vegetable tanned leather it is neither dyed nor glazed. Its finishing is consisted in setting it out well to make it flat and smooth on the surface and pressing heavily to make it stiffer and water resistant. For chrome it differs it is run through more operation in order to achieve its final appearance starting with shaving in order to make the leather thin then neutralization taking place ending it up with stacking in order to make the leather softer then glazed to give it the glossy look and feel. What is the purpose of finishing? The purpose of finish is done in order to enhance certain qualities and characteristics for example protecting the leather upgrading the leather look and feel by providing a texture which is waxier and smother. Full grain leather can be addressed as the leather that does not go through the buffing stage and this is widely used when achieving furniture leather or automotive. Achieving a full grain can be expensive to most tanners. In order to achieve the natural grain of the leather it most not contain any marks or scratches, veins and putrefaction so it is very important on how to sort out your leather. The tanner should pick a good quality grade of crust leather in order to enable for finishing. Corrected grain leather is known as chrome tanned side leather which is buffed with emery paper on the grain enabling it to remove the defects of the leather and then applied to it a plastic resin and pigmented finish to he help being built up on the leather usually this type of grain is used in the footwear industry. Crust preparation Crust is mentioned as the dried leather after tannage. And as it’s widely known as chrome leather ends up drying quickly and that results in leather becoming stiffer and making it harder when rewetting, drying usually occurs after any normal retanning and fatliquoring. leather that is exported around the globe in usually in this state while still many prefer at wet-blue or pickled stage because this gives them more ability of the leather process. When crust preparation applied for full grain leather or corrected grain leather both operations are related except for some procedures for example in buffing. Leading a leather from a crust stage to finishing still undergoes several procedures and also depends on the tanners recipe before receiving the end use . Operations in common Staking: Staking is a mechanical operation for softening the leather, it is done through a staking machine machines which helps in expanding and opening up the fibers and thus leading to a softer skin. Some tanners do it manually by pulling the skins over a shaped knife but this usually takes more time compared to the staking machine. Conditioning: when the leather dries out after the retanning, dyeing and fatliquoring the fibers on the skin tends to stick together and thus making the leather more firm and harder. The fibers are then separated and the leather goes the staking operation enabling it to become softer. Adjusting the moisture content is very important so water is applied to the leather through water guns and that evens out the moisture content before entering the staking stage. Milling: During the milling stage, the crust leather is layed in the drum responsible for milling and is then rotated ate certain temperature degrees and humid conditions. The mechanical process helps the leather in opening up its fiber this results is the leather becoming more softer Buffing: The objective of buffing is removing all the marks on the grain surface of the leather by that it provides a more equal surface . it is done through sandpapering the leather with sand paper for many reasons for example to create a suede or a nubuck finish on the grain or to prepare its for a Chemicals used and finishing operation: Impregnation: it is a coat the purpose of it acts like a sealing coat and this helps in sealing the buffed fibers completely in order for the chemicals to not penetrate through the leather and this will form a more uniform surface. When the corrected grain leather gets buffed the absorbance raises in high rate and any of the chemicals put onto the leather will penetrate in a high rate without building up a film. Applying an impregnation coatis a must for a corrected grain or it will ruin the objective of finishing. Adhesion Coat : buffing does not apply to a full grain leather therefore this coat is used in allowing the resins to bind bind together in a an equal strong form and this leads to a more stable film and this is highly used in the casual shoe finish because it requires higher adhesion finish qualities. After the adhesion coat is applied the leather is not set to dry out during the drying is becomes more drier and stickier this means it is now ready for the base coat the usage of spraying guns is high recommended in the adhesion coating. Base Coat: the base coating is applied to help in covering up the leather. By using a mixture of acrylic resins and polyurethane. Acrylic resin gives the leather a more natural look and increases flexibility. As for the polyurethane resin it improves the physical qualities of the finishing film. A certain ratio that a film goes by to a non-film its either 1:2 or 1:3 as for the non-filming chemicals it includes a wide variety of waxes, auxillaries, oils and waxes. Base coating is usually done by spraying a couple of times and it can also be done by hand padding. Embossing: it is known as the printed pattern that is added to the leather. Embossing become popular to meet with the fashion industry, through embossing it creates a high yield in cutting because of its straightness and strength to hide the defects. During embossing high pressure is applied to ensure the print embossing acts better in higher temperatures . Top Coat: The objective of adding the top coat in order to enhance the touch quality and performance and helps in the protection when finishing. Top coat can be addressed as two coats nitrocellulose and polyurethane. A polyurethane based is selected as the preferred method because it gives the required results Plating: it is a mechanical procedure that helps in obtaining more smoothness and a glossy look. Plating can be applied several times it highly depends on the tanner Finishing Recipes: Casual Full grain upper footwear Safety shoe Corrected grain upper footwear Casual Full grain upper footwear Adhesion Coat : Polyurethane with fine particles that is applied to pre base coating the main purpose of it is for achieving higher adhesion it also help in the flexibility. Base Coat : RU 1 3- 5 4 1: classified as soft polyurethane that is added during the base coat to help in the embossing characteristics. It gives out softer leather outcome. P-P black : it is a pigment applied to the leather in order to give its color RA 1-2-4-6: Classified as hard acrylic resin which enables a better gloos and ensures better results in the rub fastness FI 5-0: Considered to be soft filler which gives a better plating and gives out a wax that helps giving the leather a more waxy feeling. BI 5-9-6: Soft binder which gives a nore flazing look on the leather. Also helps in giving a good plated which is considered to be helpful during the embossing stage Top Coat HM 51-7 6 0 A TYPE OF SILICONE HANDLING MODIFIER WHICH ENABLES GOOD SMOOTHNESS AND a silky like feel it also enhances resistance onto the leather LW 5 4 9 0 : they are water based lacquer which gives a kind of gloss onto the leather . Safety shoe Corrected grain upper footwear Impregnation Coat RI – 1 9 3 : Its is considered to be small particles of impregnation resin which helps in filling up the leather and it has high penetration ability it also helps in the grain break in tge leather and works on smoothening the surface BI 1 3 5 2 : Binder its type is medium hard which helps in the adhesion and improvement on the handling of the skin PT 6 5 91 : Active agents which work on helping the penetration of the finishing chemicals on the the grain layer of the skin this is usually used along a penetrartor to help the chemical penetrate faster RB 2 3 3 0: Its gives the leather a more rubbery feeling and helps in the pating process and filling up the skin RM 4 4 1 0 : a non ionic agent Base Coat RU 3 9 6 9 : A polyurethane that helps in the adhesion and the flexibility of the skin FI 5 0 : It helps in embarking a good plating gives a waxy feeling Top Coat FI 1 2 0 8 : SOFT FILLERS WHICH HELPS IN GIVING A SOFTER TOUCH AND HELPS IN PLATING WT 2 5 2 4 : PolYurethanes which helps in giving more elastic and flexibility HM 2 2 6 7 7: gives the leather a silky feeling XR 5 9 2 3: CROSS LINKER WHICH HELPS IN ENHANCING THE LEATHER DURABILITY AND PROVIDES A BETTER FINISHING ADHESION Comparison in order to achieve a full grain leather the sorting of the leather many scares and defects on the skin will lower the end product of the finishing for the corrected grain leather its easier because the buffing will hide many of the scars and defects n the skin .when it comes to embossing full grain leather it depends it may be required and it may not be depending on the grain of the leather as for the corrected grain in order to give a better grain surface. When it comes to performance full grain leather will achieve higher performances than the corrected grain Conclusion All in all both are different than each other when its comes to physicality properties to achieve good results selection of crust must be made for full grain as for the corrected grain it does not require

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Dramatic impact in Act 3 Scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet Essay -- William

Discuss the dramatic impact of Act 3 Scene 5 in ‘Romeo and Juliet’ Act 3 Scene 5 is a significant scene in the play as within this one scene there are changes in the atmosphere, the relationship between the characters, and the characters themselves. At the beginning of this scene Shakespeare needs to make the audience believe that Romeo and Juliet truly are in love, as Romeo not long ago said he was in love with Rosaline and likewise Juliet stated at the Capulet ball she would be OK with marrying Paris. At the start of the play, Romeo and Juliet had just spent the night together as a married couple. Just as Romeo has left, Lady Capulet (Juliet’s mother) comes to Juliet and tells her that she’s going to be marrying Paris. Before Juliet met Romeo at the Capulet Ball, Juliet said that she wouldn’t mind having to marry Paris, so her parents a bit taken aback by Juliet when she says refuses to marry him. Lord Capulet in particular gets extremely angry, as children were forbidden to disagree with their parents. I personally think that he was angry at Juliet for disagreeing with him and also a bit surprised by her sudden change of heart. â€Å"Hang thee young baggage, disobedient wretch! I’ll tell thee what, get thee to church a Thursday or never look at me in the face!† This quote from Lord Capulet is showing him telling his daughter that she has to marry Paris in the church on Thursday otherwise he’ll wash his hands of her. The language that is used in this part of the play in particular is really effective because with only reading the text of the play the reader can visualise easily what’s going on in the room and can create a clear image of the drama, anger and tension in the room without seeing it in a film or on stag... ...the friar, to know his remedy. If all else fail, myself have to power to die’. When she says this she’s talking about going to see the friar (who married her and Romeo the day before) to find something that can either kill her or to help stop her from marrying Paris, as she probably knows that without it she’ll have to marry him to keep her family happy even though it would be against her will and not to mention illegal. Basically, she’s a young girl in love. She isn’t a bad, rebellious horrible teenager - she’s just been carried away with her love for Romeo. I think that when she argues with her mum and dad, she struggles to try and tell them why she doesn’t marry Paris without telling the truth about Romeo. I feel that she’s a typical teenager who feels the world is against her doing what she really wants to do, and in her case, the world actually is against her.

Monday, November 11, 2019

African American vs. Caucasian Americans Essay

At first glance some people might consider this paper to be on the racial side, however it was all written by observations made. There are many differences between African Americans and Caucasians, some people don’t see the differences because of ignorance . You must read the paper with an open mind and take none of this to heart. African American and Caucasians function differently in public surroundings. When you see a young African American you usually see them in groups of four of more. However, when one of them gets into a disagreement five to ten more show up in their defense. They are a very close knit group of individuals. I have also noticed that when you see a young African American walking around they are usually singing, talking very loud or running around. Also when they are in groups they are very loud and take over the area that they occupy. On the other hand when you see Caucasians they are rarely in groups of three or more. To top it off when someone in one of their groups gets in trouble the rest of the group is nowhere to be found. Most times when you see young Caucasian people in a group they are for the most part within a normal speaking level. These two groups tend to act differently in the public due to their cultural differences. There are a number of differences between the churches of African Americans and Caucasians. At most typical African American churches there are no true sermons. The African American churches tend to do more entertaining rather than teaching. They also do a great deal of singing and dancing involved in there praising of God. They emphasize fellowship in their churches especially after church when they all gather and close the celebration with a meal together. However at a typical Caucasian church there are a few differences. To start it off when you first walk in you get a program detailing what will be happening through the service. They tend to structure the whole service around a sermon or story. The service every week is very predictable as to what will happen. The Caucasian churches are more there to teach the ways of the lord as they have interpreted it. Although not all the African American and Caucasian churches are along this line a majority of the main stream ones are.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Cultural Confusion in Moses Ascending essays

Cultural Confusion in Moses Ascending essays While Moses Ascending takes place in a tumultuous historical time period the books main focus seems to be on internal divisions within the main character. It traces the transition of Moses from an apathetic recluse to a man determined to claim his identity and his ascendancy in a hostile world. This transition is the product of the clash of cultural worlds within this book and the changes in Moses as a person and as a writer are a byproduct of this conflict. The Moses of the beginning of the novel is a character who is struggling with a sense of broken identity. His life is a strange dichotomy where he enjoys the economic privileges of a white man but is susceptible to the prejudices common toward black men. He is the epitome of Braithwaites false dream Tall, with slow dignity/(so goes the saying/so went the dream. (103) Even with the economic status of a white man and further privileges such as employing a white right hand man who is basically a servant, Moses initial ascendancy is illusionary. As we see with Moses false imprisonment and his lack of knowledge about the illiteracy of Bobbie, Moses understanding of himself and those around him is not the same as the reality of the outside world. These illusions crumble throughout the novel as Moses self-imposed isolation is harbored by the influx of the real world. Moses attempts to break all cultural ties in order to have the peace he feels he needs to write his Opus. However this peace is disturbed by a black power movement in his very basement. Moses had wanted to live the end of his life free of drama. But by both force and coercion he is drawn into a world that makes him question his own complacency with his condition and the condition of the world. Progressively throughout the novel Moses realized that through his seclusion from his own heritage he had limited both the scope of his memoirs and his own develop...

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Managements Responsibility Example

Managements Responsibility Example Managements Responsibility – Case Study Example Topic:"MANAGEMENT’S RESPONSIBILITY" From the second e-Activity, determine the level of responsibility management had for the business failure you researched. Provide specific examples to support your response. Management forms the heart of every organisation. This means that if the top management level fails, the entire organisation is also bound to fail. For example, failure of Lehman may be attributed to management failure. Management has the following levels of responsibility that may lead to business failure namely; poor planning, forcefully imposing their will, blaming others for their own mistake and failing to acknowledge their failure. Planning is the first level of management responsibility, when managers fail to establish proper plans they are more susceptible to fail. Secondly, management has the responsibility of using power and authority to ensure success is realized. However, leaders may forcefully use their powers and authority to achieve personal goals rather t han organisation goals hence, leading to organisation failure. In addition, management has the responsibility of delegating duties to the right people; however, management may fail if they assign responsibilities to people who do not have the right skills. Moreover, management has the responsibility of ensuring high ethical standards are upheld. If management fails to effectively execute this responsibility organisation is more likely to fail (Harvard Business School, paras.11-18). A list of three best practices that not only would have helped the company you researched from failure, but would also apply to the rest of the industry your company was part of. Some of the best practices that Lehman and other companies could adopt to prevent failure include; Proper prior planning, involving the right people, and creating a common vision. Having the correct financial and strategic plan is a critical part for any success. The company should define what is to be achieved and within which t ime frame within its plans. Moreover, involving the right people in making and implementing decision may help to prevent company failure. Conclusively, management should establish a common vision that is to be achieved and also influence the efforts of other people to work towards realizing that vision (Kelsey, Sigrid, and Marjorie, p.258).Harvard Business School. Why Leaders lose their way. 06.07.2011. Web.07.07.2014. http://hbswk. hbs.edu/item/6741.htmlKelsey, Sigrid, and Marjorie J. Porter. Best Practices for Corporate Libraries. Santa Barbara, Calif: Libraries Unlimited, 2011. Print.

Monday, November 4, 2019

Buddhist concept of the nature of things, people, the world, and Essay

Buddhist concept of the nature of things, people, the world, and nirvana - Essay Example During Samsara, living beings continuously face pain and suffering because of the wrong doings of the previous life. As long as a living being continues to commit sins and do bad, it creates reasons for rebirth and thus the cycle continues till self-recognition which ultimately leads to enlightenment and nirvana. In Buddhism rebirth is considered as a continuous process and each subsequent rebirth takes place within one of the five realsms based on the karmas performed by the living being. Naraka being is the worst of all and people who are born as Naraka beings are bound to live in hell during that particular life. Another form of birth is Preta or the ghost-form. Being a human being is considered as the only type of life in which the attainment of final enlightenment and thus Nirvana is possible. Being an animal or a Deva (spirit or angel) are also forms of life which can be achieved after rebirth. Mahayana teachings have presented a sixth form of life after rebirth in which a pers on can be reborn as a demon or titan, this form is called Asura. A formless realm, ‘arupa dhatu’ can only be achieved by the people who can meditate with intense depth (Smith and Novak). The whole concept of Samsara, the cycle of suffering and rebirth is based on Karma is the Sanskrit word for the actions and deeds performed by a person in this world. The future life of the person after rebirth is based on the Karma performed by him during the present life. Buddhism gives a lot of importance to the impact of actions of a person on the surrounding people and environment and thus Karma is referred to those deeds and actions which are intentionally committed and have certain consequences on the individual and the surroundings. A person is supposed to receive a ‘Phala’ or fruit for his Karmas. There is a difference of opinion about Karma in the Mahayana and Theravada Buddhism with the later presenting the strict version of the two (Conze). According to Theravad a Buddhism, a person is responsible for his Karma and will receive reward or punishment for his bad or good Karmas but a Karma once committed is attributed to a person and there is no way in which the punishment can be avoided. However Mahayana presents a softer ideology and according to Mahayana texts, the negativity of bad Karmas can be obliterated by reciting the specific Mantras (McGovern). The reality of life is explained by the Four Noble Truths which were the first teachings of Gautama Buddha. The life of a person always leads to sufferings in one way or the other because of the cravings of living beings which never end. Ending the cravings is the only way in which a living being can put an end to the sufferings and achieve liberation from the circle of life. Ending the carvings and achieving liberation is possible by following the Noble Eightfold Path as guided by Gautama Buddha. The Eightfold Path is based on finding out the actual reality of things which is in most cases d ifferent from the apparent form. A person who wishes to achieve Nirvana should be pure in his intensions, truthful in his dealings and harmless in his actions. By virtue of his existence, a person is bound to commit sins and bad Karma because he cannot control his mind (Keown). Meditation is the only way in which complete mind control can be exercised by making a sincere effort to improve the mindset and thinking. Samadhi is the correct way of meditating with clear consciousness and awareness about the reality of life

Saturday, November 2, 2019

International Trade Theories Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

International Trade Theories - Assignment Example A brief discussion of the classical trade theories will provide a backdrop of the detailed examination of the modern trade theories and how these could be viewed in the present patterns of international trade. Classical theories Mercantilism During the 17th and 18th centuries, the theory of mercantilism was widely practised in international trade. Essentially, mercantilism saw international trade as a zero-sum proposition. French statesman Jean-Baptiste Colbert, who pioneered this theory, believed that the wealth of the world was essentially fixed and that trade was a closed system, so that those nations which exported more and imported less acquires more of the world’s wealth and becomes richer, and vice-versa. While mercantilism is the oldest of the trade theories, this does not mean that it is obsolete. Even today, the effects of mercantilism are evident in policies of trade protectionism, and makes the argument that rather than import from other countries and risk a trade deficit, a country would be economically better off if it were self-sufficient (Peng, 2010, p. 149). Absolute Advantage Advocated in 1776 by British economist Adam Smith, the theory of absolute advantage stated that the force of the free market should best determine the economic activities of a nation and, inclusively, the level of international as well as domestic trade. Smith’s theory of free trade (also called laissez faire) relied on forces of the free market to operate unrestricted, to enable free trade to seek out the most efficient means for value creation. The absolute advantage in the creation of a product or service is that which is attained by the nation that is able to produce that good or service most efficiently. The implication of this theory is that (1) the principle of self-sufficiency is best abandoned because no country could efficiently produce all goods and services; and (2) countries would best specialize in production of good and services where they hav e the advantage. International trade ceases to be a zero-sum case, and becomes a win-win proposition. Comparative advantage In 1817, British economist David Ricardo developed the theory of comparative advantage. The theory saw the ability of countries to efficiently produce goods and services not in absolute terms but in relation to which country they trade with. Comparative advantage is the relative advantage in one economic activity possessed by one nation over other nations. Net gains from trade may be realized when countries specialize in producing goods and services where they have comparative advantage. There is a trade-off, however, known as the opportunity cost, which is the cost incurred by a producer in choosing to give up production of a good or service in favour of concentrating on another (p. 152). The three foregoing theories, while useful in conceptualizing trade relations, make the necessary but unrealistic assumption that trade is static. Through time, factor endowm ents and trade patterns change, necessarily debunking the theory that trade is static. This gave way to the modern trade theories of the mid-twentieth century, also known as the dynamic theories, which aim to account for the change in trade patterns over time. New theories Product life cycle Product life cycle was developed by Raymond Vernon, an American economist, in 1966. Vernon saw the world’s trading nations as consisting of three categories: (1) the lead innovation nation which is usually assumed to be the US, (2) other developed nations, and (3) the developing nations. Aside from distinguishing among the nations, Vernon also classified products according to three life cycles: (1) new, (2) maturing, and (3) standardized. New products commanded a higher price (price premium)